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These systems reduce the problem of transient over-voltage but do not limit the fault current during a fault event. A 2 or 3 metre long pipe measuring about 58mm or 76mm in diameter is buried in the dig out pit along with growth advance backfill compound . The pipe is prefilled with growth advance hygroscopic gel to maintain conductivity. Pipe is provided with terminal for connection of equipment with earthing . A ground fault is any failure that allows unintended connection of power circuit conductors with the earth. Such faults can cause objectionable circulating currents, or may energize the housings of equipment at a dangerous voltage.
If at all round conductors are used, their cross-section area should not be too small, say less than 6.0mm2 if it’s a galvanized iron or steel. The length of the conductor buried in the ground would give a sufficient earth resistance and this length should not be less than 15m. To protect human lives as well as provide safety to electrical devices and appliances from leakage current. To avoid such instances, the power supply systems and parts of appliances have to be earthed so as to transfer the charge directly to the earth. This is why we need Electrical Earthing or Grounding in electrical installation systems.
Difference between Earthing, Grounding & Bonding
It is essential for earth metallic appliances because it guards the operator against electric shocks by supplying the current supply toward the ground. The device that doesn’t carry current like a metallic frame is allied to the earth using the conducting wire. If any error occurs within the device then the short-circuit current will be supplied to the earth by using wire to guard the system against injure. In general, the copper wire utilized as an earth continuity conductor size is a 3-standard wire gauge . Ground wires which are smaller than 14-SWG should not be used.
The earth point at the user’s premises is usually just a point connected to earth rode with no current flowing in. Ideally it is at 0 V. Again neutral point at user’s premises shall be higher in voltage than this one as well. In Plate earthing, a copper plate (of dimension 600mm x 600mm x 3.15 mm) or a GI plate (of 600mm x 600mm x 6.3 mm) is used as an earth electrode.
Plate Earthing
For example, the neutral earthing is provided in the generator, transformer, motor etc. There are mainly 4 types of Earthing Systems in India, Plate Earthing, Pipe Earthing, Mat Earthing, and Rod Earthing. Pipe earthing is one of the popular earthing systems in India that suits every soil type. While earthing is used between the equipment and earth pit so as to avoid electrical shock and equipment damage. Black dirt or soil with a high organic content are generally good conductors because they retain higher levels of moisture and have a higher electrolyte level. These two factors create low soil resistivity, something you want when you are grounding.
The plate is kept with its face vertical, and embedded 3 meters into the ground. We know that current flows from a higher to a lower potential. Any electrical appliance or any electricity line which has been connected to the earth is now at zero voltage. If this happens, the safety devices are implemented in that circuit by faulting and isolating the part of the broken conductor from the power supply.
Checking if the site connection is secure
The last part of the electrical grounding system which is hidden underground and linked to the lead of grounding is known as the earth plate. Earth electrode is a pipe, plate, or metallic rod, or plate; which has extremely low resistance for carrying the fault current to the ground safely. Pipe earthing is the best and efficient way of earthing and is also easily affordable. Pipe earthing uses 38mm diameter and 2 meters length pipe vertically embedded in the ground to work as earth electrodes. In plate earthing, an earthing plate made of copper or G.I is buried into the ground at a depth more than 3 meters from the ground level. The electrical earthing is done by connecting the non-current carrying part of the equipment or neutral of supply system to the ground.
However, the right electrical earthing is an asset that will provide compensation for the facility of life. Plate earthing is a type of earthing electrode where a plate are buried in the ground to serve as a grounding accessory for electrical system. This is better than the pipe electrode, with higher contact area and better dissipation.
We know that hand pumps are used to extract water from the water bed, which lies well inside the ground. To the GI pipe of a hand pump, the earth wire is tied and clamped. A 2.5 metre long pipe measuring about mm in diameter is buried in the dig out pit along with sand and charcoal.
This type of earthing serves the dual function of protecting the user of the appliance against shocks, while at the same time safeguarding the appliance from getting harmed. The metallic part of an electrical device which is not used for the flow of electric current, or to connect the body of the equipment to the system earthing permanently and uninterrupted is called Equipment Earthing. The earthing wires are essentially made from best quality copper or GI that can be used in various electrical, electronic and automobile instruments.
Place the copper wire on top of the pipe so that it can be allied to a suitable place within the meter panel. New treatments will emerge as modern scientists continue tapping into ancient holistic practices. Research shows a promising connection between earthing and measurable improvements in these health issues.
At such a time, due to equipment earthing, the leakage current goes into the ground, and the equipment remains safe. In the 3 phase system, the secondary winding of the distribution transformer is done by making a star connection that points earth. A neutral wire is ejected for the load from that earth point. When buried in the ground, a conductor with a minimum length of 15 m would provide enough earth resistance. The amount of moisture in the soil and the strength of the current influence the size of the iron pipe that needs to be used. The soil's moisture will determine the maximum depth at which the steel pipe may be installed.
In this method of earthing, the waterman pipes are used for earthing purpose. Make sure to check the resistance of GI pipes and use earthing clamps to minimize the resistance for proper earthing connection. Since, the water level is different in the different areas; therefore, the depth for earth electrode installation is also different in various areas.
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